An analysis of the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne from multiple historical economic and social perspectives. The last of the post-World War One peace settlements the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne departed from methods used in the Treaty of Versailles and took on a new peace-making initiative: a forced population exchange that affected one and a half million people. Like its German and Austro-Hungarian allies the defeated Ottoman Empire had initially been presented with a dictated peace in 1920. In just two years however the Kemalist insurgency enabled Turkey to become the first sovereign state in the Middle East while the Greeks Armenians Arabs Egyptians Kurds and other communities previously under the Ottoman Empire sought their own forms of sovereignty. Featuring historical analysis from multiple perspectives They All Made Peace What is Peace? considers the Lausanne Treaty and its legacy. Chapters investigate British Turkish and Soviet designs in the post-Ottoman world situate the population exchanges relative to other peacemaking efforts and discuss the economic factors behind the reallocation of Ottoman debt and the management of refugee flows. Further chapters examine Kurdish Arab Iranian Armenian and other communities that were refused formal accreditation at Lausanne but which were still forced to live with the consequences consequences that are still emerging one hundred years on.

What if... you mastered the mysteries of the multiverse with a sip from this customizable ''I am The Watcher'' coffee mug inspired by the Marvel Studios animated series, now streaming on Disney+?

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In this book Lee speaks to the challenges that college students face in integrating their faith and their academic pursuits. Through personal anecdotes and biblical teachings Lee offers practical advice on how to pursue a life of faith while in college and beyond. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America and possibly other nations. Within the United States you may freely copy and distribute this work as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe and we concur that this work is important enough to be preserved reproduced and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.